Ukpite leh Chin Hills Regulation phiatna pen lawhcinna ahih keileh democaracy ngahna sa in, tua phawkdenna dinga Zomi Nam Ni a kibawlbawl kisa hi. Tua ahih manin Zomi Nam Ni tangthu pen India lama omte lakah tu tanin thupisakna taktak a om zo kei tam, ka ci nuam hi. Tu tanin Manipur ah hausa kibeisak nai lo, Mizoram ah Chin Hills Regulation kiphiat nai hi, hi mahleh democracy gam hi zawsop hi.
Falam khawmpi a kibawlna pen a thu bulpi nam thum hi. Khatna-ah, Independence ngah lopna hi. Burma President, Sao Swe Taik in zong a uapna hih hang hi. Nihna-ah, Chin Hills kivaipuak thakdan ding a geel dinga kibawl, Chin Hills Inquiry Commission in mipi ngaihdan a lakna hi. Thumna-ah Burma Parliament Upper House-ah Chin Hills adingin seat guk kiseh hi. Hih seat guk pen a cilin ukpite tanvo dingin kituat hi.
Chin Hills-ah ukpi leh hausa tampi om ahih manin a kua pen in tang ding cih buaina om masa hi. A nung ciangin mipite mahmah in teel ding, cih thu kituh piang leuleu hi. Hih thu khensatna ding a bulpi khat ahi hi. Tua hi napi, khawmpi-ah lamet zah sangin thu khauh in, a tawpah ukpite phiatna tanin thupukna tung hi. Tua ciang, Falam khawmpi-ah mi 5000 paikhawm ci-in kigen zel hi. A taktakin khawmpi pen Town Hall-ah kizang hi a, “mi 500 kaan pha lo ding hi, ukpite phiat ni bangin a nuaktai tam ahih manin nitaak ann bang val zihziah” ci-in tua lai-a ann huana tanu a seem khat in hong hilh hi.
Zomi Nam Ni hong kipatna taktak pen Zo Zum i kicih Chin Affairs Council (Chin Hills Parliament Member teng) in 1950, October 9 ni-a Zomi Nam Ni neih ding thupukna a bawl uh pan hizaw a, 1951, February 20 ni-in Mindat ah Zomi Nam Ni khatveina bawl pah uh hi. Chin Affairs Council deihna bulpi in – Zomite pen India, Burma leh Bangladesh sungah i om hang minam tuam i hihna leh gam tuam nei i hihna bei ahih pah lohna, gam thumah kikhen mah leng minam khat i hihna i kimanggilh lohna ding leh gam tuam minam tuam i hihna i kepcin den ding, cih teng hi.
A ni dinga February 20 ni a teelna uh pen 1948, Febuary 20 ni-a Falam khawmpi in Chin Hills maban kalsuandan ding tawh kisai khensatna ahih keileh suahtakna vai tawh kisaia a kisampi teng a zawh siang theih ni ahih man hi. Ukpite leh Chin Hills Regulation a phiat ni ahih man hizaw loin vai haksapi teng a kisiansak theih ni ahih man hi.
Tua ahih manin ‘Zomi Nam Ni’ ahih keileh ‘Zomi National Day’ tawh kisai-ah a thupi pen ‘Nam or Minam or Minampi’ ahih keileh ‘National’ cih thumal ahi hi. Burma kumpi in Zomi Nam Ni i neih a zakdahnapi pen leh hong dal denna bulpi pen a ‘Zomi (Chin)’ hiam, a ‘Ni’ hiam hi loin a ‘National’ cih thumal hang ahi hi. Burma ah Zomite leh Kawlte cihloh National Day a nei namdang omlo hi. Tua ahih manin Zomi Nam Ni hihna taktak i telna dingin ‘Minam’ cih khiatna ahih keileh gam tuam leh minam tuam i hihna i tel masak ding kisam hi.
Zomite in Kalay-Kabaw zanggamah gal i lelh manin AD 1400 ki-im pan Zogam i cih khamtung gam kizuan hi. Gam hawm leh keendang lak ahih mah bangin suakta takin ki-om to a, kuama uk loin gam tuam minam tuam khatin British hong khan dong kiding hi.
British ten 1760 kum panin tulai taka Bangladesh kici gama Zomite tenna sung tungin Zogam keek hong pan uh a, 1891 kum teh Zogam buppi a khut nuai uah tum hi. British ten Zogam pen Burma Province, Assam Province (India) leh Bengal Province (Bangladesh) ah hong khenkham mahleh, gam tuam minam tuam i hihna hong kepcinsak den veve hi. Bengal Province-ah ‘The Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1900’ dan zatna, ‘Chittagong Hill Tracts’ sungah, Tripura-ah ‘Hill Tripperah’ sungah leh Manipur-ah ‘Hill Areas’ sungah cih bangin hong dei tuamin, Political Agent in hong vaan hi.
Chin Hills leh Lushai Hills zong gam tuam a hihna tawh Foreign Department khut sungah hong koih in, ‘Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1890’ dan tawh hong uk a, 1895 kum pan ‘Scheduled District Act, 1874’ zatna huam sungah hong koih tuam lai hi. ‘Scheduled District’ (Tribal Area) pen British in gamdang a ukzia ngeina tawh a uk, India leh Burma gam khawnga kizang dante zat lohna ding bial (gam), cihna hi. (To remove the area from operation of general law applied in India and Burma). Tual sung kivaipuakna dingin Chin Hills Regulation, 1896 (Chin Hills Regulation Act hi lo) hong bawlsak lai uh a, hih pen Chin Hills-ah 1897 kum pan, Luhsai Hills-ah 1911 kum pan kizang hi.
1875 kum pana Luhsai Hills tawh a kisu kha ‘Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 (Regulation V of 1873)’ dan pen 1925 kuma a kipuahphat (amended) teh Lushai Hills adingin hoih seem hi. Hun paisa-ah phalna lo tawh Lushai Hills mite Vai gamah a lut ding dalna-a kizang hih dan pen kilumlet in, phalna lo tawh Lushai Hills-ah Vaite a lut ding dalna-in hong kileh zat kik ta hi. ‘Inner Line Regulation 1873’ zong a kici hih dan pen tu dong kizang sual lai a, Inner Line Permit (ILP) nei loin zanggam mite (Vaite) Mizoramah lut phal hi lo hi.
British kumpi in hih banga kep tuamna hong neih mai bek hi loin, 1892 kumin Calcutta-ah ‘Chin-Lushai Conference’ bawlin Zogam leitang teng gawmkhawm kikna ding vaihawm lai uh hi. Ahi zongin, 1895 kuma Bengal Province pana kisai South Lushai Hills leh Assam Province pana kisai North Lushai Hills gawmin Assam Province Governor khut sungah a kikoih cihloh a dang teng dinkhawl suak hi.
Simon Commission deihna tawh kituaka 1935 kuma Government of India Act leh Government of Burma Act a kibawl teh British kumpi in Zogam (a diakin Lushai Hills leh Chin Hills) a kep tuamna kipsak seem hi. Tua-ah Tribal Area-te (Scheduled Area or Frontier Area) khualna kiciansak mahmah hi. Section 311, Clause (1)-ah – “Tribal mite pen India gamgi dung depa omte hiam, Baluchistan gama omte hiam hi uh a; tuate gam pen British India hiam, British Burma hiam ii gambeu khat hi lo a, Indian state zong hi lo a, gamdang khat peuh’ gam hi tuan lo hi, ci hi.” (‘Tribal Areas’ means the areas along the frontiers of India or in Baluchistan which are not part of British India or of Burma or of any Indian States or of any foreign States).
Section 91-na siksana British kumpipa King George VI in 1936, March 3 ni-in ‘Excluded Order’ a bawlah, Excluded Area-te pen British India gam sungah kihel lo a hihna, kician takin gen hi. (Tribal Areas were excluded from the scope of British India). Section 91/92 siksanin “India leh Burma gama kizang dan peuhmah Tribal Area-ah a guideline kaana zat thei hi lo ding hi,” ci lai hi.
India lam tawh a kibang lianin, Government of Burma Act, 1935, Second Schedule – Part One-ah Excluded Area huam khak teng kician takin gen a, tua sungah Chin Hills-a kipan Zomite tenna teng phial kihel hi. Tua ahih manin Zogam pen Chin, Kachin leh Shan gam teng ukna dinga a kibawl Department of Frontier Areas Administration (FAA) tungtawnin Governor in direct-in uk a, Burma Legislative Council (Ministerial Burma) tawh kisai kha ngei lo hi.
Hih bang teng i dinmun a hihna leh gam tuam minam tuam i hihna tawh kizui-in, India independence vai sai lai-in Lushai Hills pen independent hiam, India tawh kipawl hiam, Burma tawh kipawl hiam, khat peuhpeuh deihteel thei ding dinmunah ding hi napi, Galpi Nihna hun laia ‘Atlantic Charter’ tawh kizuia Lushai Hills Superintendent, Maj. A.G. McCall in “British nong panpih uh a, gualzawhna i tanleh gal ven khit pan na gam uh maban ding pen nomau khutah kikoih ding hi” (Your destiny is at your own hand) a cih zong zang phatuam thei loin, politics lama khawmuhna niam man leh makaite kithutuah loh man tawh thukimna kician om lopi-in Khawtinkhuma leh Ch Saprawnga-te thu tawh Lushai Hills pen India nuaiah lut hi.
1966, March 1 ni-in Laldenga makaihna tawh Mizo National Front in independence phu kik mahleh pang suak zo loin kum sawmnih khit, 1986 kumin India nuai mahah lut kik hi. Tun 2007 kuma UNO in a puan ‘United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples’ tungtawnin Zogam tun kik theihna ding lampi a om diam, cih pen Zo Reunification Organisation (ZORO) in a kingakna neihsun hi phot ta hi.
Burma independence vai sai lai-in Chin Hills pen deih teel thei dinmunah ding ahih mah bangin Kachin gam leh Shan gam tawh kipawlin mala uh a, British khut nuai pan suahtak ding ut luatna leh Kawl makaipi Aung San muanna tawh 1947, February 12 ni-in Shan gam, Panglong khua-ah Chin Hills tangin ukpite ahi, Pu Thawng Za Khup (Saizang), Pu Hlur Hmung (Falam) leh Pu Kio Mang (Hakha) ten Burma tawh suahtakna lakhawm ding leh kum sawm sung kipawlkhawm (Union) phot ding, cih deih teelna tawh thukimna suai kai uh hi.
Burma nuai-ah lutna hiam, om suakna ding hiama suaikai hi lo uh hi. British ten hong khual mahmah uh ahih manin Panglong thukimna bek tawh hun sa lo ahih keileh ukpite ngaihdan a theih khit uh teh, Burma tawh kipawl ding tawh kisaia mi tamzaw ngaihdan lakna Frontier Areas Committee of Inquiry makaihna tawh 1947, April kha sungin Maymyo (Pyin Oo Lwin) ah bawl lai uh a, tua panin Burma tawh kipawl ding kikipsak pan hi.
Hih bangin Lushai Hills pen India nuai-ah a lut zawh leh Chin Hills pen Burma tawh a kipawl zawh kum 60 val khin ta mahleh gam tuam minam tuam i hihna a vaang bei thei nai tuan lo hi. Tu tanin India-a state tuamtuam 28 lakah Mizoram in deihsak tuamna (special status) ngah lai-in, ‘Inner Line Regulation 1873’ leh Chin Hills Regulation’ zong khahsuah loin om lai hi. Chin State in zong deihsak tuamna ngah to lai a, Myanmar Constitution 2008 dungzui-in zong State leh Region liante dinmun tawh a kikim State hihna leh Council of Ministers neih zah mah a neih banah, Chin State pualam Sagaing Region, Magwe Region leh Rakhine State-te ah Chin Affairs Minister khat tek hong koihsak lai hi.
Manipur ah zong i deih zah hi kei mahleh, British hun pan tu dong kep tuamna kingah toto in, ‘The Manipur State Hill Peoples (Administration) Regulation 1947’, ‘The Manipur (Village Authorities in Hill Areas) Act 1956’, ‘The Manipur (Hill Areas) District Councils Act 1971’ cih dante in a tuam i hihna hong kilangsak mahmah hi. Tu ciangin Manipur banah Assam mun pawl khat leh Tripura-a om i minampih teng pen Autonomous District Council tawh, Bangladesh gama omte zong Chittagong Hill Tarcts Regional Council tawh cih bangin kivaipuakin om ciat sam uh hi.
Tua hi a, Zomi Nam Ni’ tup leh ngim taktak pen i gam leh i minam i kepcin suak theihna ding, Zo suan teng minam khat hi hang cih i pom theih ciatna ding, minampi (nation) khata i kilomkhawm theihna ding leh minam thupi khat leh gam thupi khat i phuhkhop theihna ding, cih teng hi diak hi. Tua ahih manin, minampi khatin bangci kilomkhawm ding i hi hiam cih pen i awlmawhpi ding hi ta hi.
Tua dingin kei muhna ah a min (minam min) thupi mahmah mahleh a masa pen lo hi. Tu dinmunah politically-in Mizo a pom teng Mizo, Kuki a pom teng Kuki, Zomi a pom teng Zomi, Chin a pom teng Chin cih dana a pai hang, Sociologically-in Chin, Zomi, Kuki leh Mizo cihte pen i minam bup genna hi khin veve hi. A taktakin minam bup min nei nailo hi hang. Zo suan teng pen minam khat hi hang, cih i kipomtuah ding kisam masa pen ka sa hi.
Tua banah lai khat i neih mengmeng ding poimawh ka sa mahmah hi. Tua dingin ei sunga mi tam pen zat leh a khangto pen ahi Mizo lai zang khawm thei tek leng i vai tampi tak hong dawn ding hi, cih maizum loin takin ka pulak nuam hi. I pau i hamte nusia-in Mizo kam bek zang ciat ni, ka cihna hi loin primary school level ciangah Mizo lai pen subject khatin tawi tek leng ka cihna hi lel hi.
A tawpna-ah, i minam hong makaite pen Nationalist a hih uh kul a, tuni-a hih taka hong paikhawm makai teng pen nationalist hi-in i kithei hiam, nationalist hi-in kithei i hihleh i thu buaipihte Nation or National issue a cing hiam? cih i suut ding kul ta hi. Nation politics lo buang politics picing om lo hi. Hih leitungah a suakta gam leh a khawsuak minam phuh zaha a haksa leh a thupi nasep dang om lo hi.
“Zomi Nationalism khangto semsem hen la, Zogam leh Zomi minam kip tawntung hen”
Behlap: Zomi a pom teng Minam (Nation) khat hi ding hi hang, i cihleh a vai tuam ding, Zosuan teng minam khat hi hang, i cihleh a vai tuam ding hi.
[Hih thu/paper pen ZEPADA, Delhi Working Group makaihna tawh Feb. 20, 2012 ni-a Mizoram House, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi-a kibawl Observance of 64th Zomi Nam Ni and Consultative Meeting-a kisimkhia ahi hi]. J. Thang Lian Pau
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